最近被老大安利Kubernetes的学习,要学习容器化部署最好的方式是在本机上安装几个虚拟机,但我是一名纯Linux小白,希望将来的学习更加有操作实感,所以在这里分享一下在Mac上通过Parallels Desktop安装Linux系统的操作步骤。
准备工作
安装Parallels Desktop
Parallels Desktop是Mac系统上最好的虚拟机软件之一,用户可以在 Mac os运行Windows、Linux等操作系统及应用。
Parallels Desktop是一款订阅制收费软件,可以进入官方网站下载正式版并进行安装。
CentOS镜像下载
非常多的商业公司部署在生产环境上的服务器都是使用的CentOS系统,CentOS是从RHEL源代码编译的社区重新发布版。CentOS简约,对于初学者,非常适合使用。
进入Centos的官方网站下载获取即可。
我这里下载的是CentOS 7 :CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1810.iso
Linux系统安装
加载CentOS镜像
打开Parallels Desktop,如果未安装过其他系统,会直接进入镜像文件选择界面,我这里已经安装了一个Windows10操作系统,想要安装其他虚拟机,需要先调出控制中心窗口,再点击文件 -> 新建,进入选择镜像文件的页面
![image-20211130111706307](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130111706307.png)
-> 新建
![image-20211130111818165](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130111818165.png)
-> 安装Windows或其他操作系统
![image-20211130111919706](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130111919706.png)
-> 选择下载好的CentOS Linux镜像
-> 手动安装比较麻烦,这里不要勾选“手动安装操作系统”
![image-20211130113451674](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130113451674.png)
-> 用户名和密码可以随便填写
-> 建议取消“快速安装”,这样在后面我们可以指定系统配置的一些选项
![image-20211130113629053](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130113629053.png)
-> 可以给你的虚拟机起一个名字
-> 勾选上“安装前设定”,设定虚拟机的内存等参数
![image-20211130113719922](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130113719922.png)
-> 处理器选1核或2核都可以
-> 内存建议2G
![image-20211130113946166](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130113946166.png)
-> 点击继续,Parallels Desktop将为你开始创建虚拟机环境
![image-20211130114017868](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130114017868.png)
安装CentOS系统
-> 鼠标点到虚拟机中,用键盘上下按键“⬆️⬇️”控制选项,选择“Install CentOS 7”,单击回车确定
![image-20211130114112518](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130114112518.png)
-> 系统自动安装,如下图所示
![image-20211130114152368](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130114152368.png)
选择系统语言
![image-20211130114232326](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130114232326.png)
选择安装软件
-> 时间默认到“亚洲/上海”,语言默认为“汉语”,在软件介质中,默认是“最小安装”
-> 最小安装只有一个命令交互界面,对于初学者可以先尝试安装一个简单的GUI,配置系统管理工具即可
![image-20211130115250147](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130115250147.png)
![image-20211130114333471](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130114333471.png)
选择安装位置
![image-20211130115332901](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130115332901.png)
![image-20211130114629463](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130114629463.png)
选择网络和主机名
![image-20211130115350706](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130115350706.png)
自动分配IP地址
-> 什么都不用改,直接打开“以太网”开关即可,系统会自动分配IP
-> 我这里尝试过自动和手动,最终采用自动的方式,因为手动指定IP时,宿主机无法正常和虚拟机进行交互
![image-20211130115122765](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130115122765.png)
![image-20211130131731242](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130131731242.png)
手动指定IP地址
![image-20211130115101739](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130115101739.png)
![image-20211130115141077](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130115141077.png)
![image-20211130115439241](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130115439241.png)
设置用户和密码
-> 用户名和密码可以设简单一点
![image-20211130115455024](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130115455024.png)
![image-20211130115538004](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130115538004.png)
![image-20211130115608379](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130115608379.png)
![image-20211130115630656](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130115630656.png)
![image-20211130125811426](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130125811426.png)
注册License
![image-20211130125906129](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130125906129.png)
![image-20211130125922847](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130125922847.png)
![image-20211130133602410](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130133602410.png)
登录用户
-> 我们一般以最高管理员权限进入Linux环境,方便后续操作
-> 这里选择“未列出”,由我们自行输入用户名“root”和刚刚设定的密码
![image-20211130133626815](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130133626815.png)
![image-20211130133647572](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130133647572.png)
![image-20211130133701757](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130133701757.png)
系统与隐私配置
-> 下面的操作在刚刚已经设定过,这里点击继续即可
-> 由于我们学习机不会启用位置服务,所以可以把定位关闭掉
![image-20211130133736716](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130133736716.png)
![image-20211130133749206](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130133749206.png)
![image-20211130133804979](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130133804979.png)
![image-20211130133819705](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130133819705.png)
![image-20211130133833467](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130133833467.png)
帮助界面
![image-20211130133855478](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130133855478.png)
主界面
![image-20211130133909886](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130133909886.png)
Linux连接
SecureCRT是一款支持SSH(SSH1和SSH2)的终端仿真程序,简单地说就是,在物理主机上登录Linux服务器的软件。
SecureCRT安装
SecureCRT在下载前,需要在官方网站注册账号,完成注册后即可下载。
我下载的版本是:scrt-9.1.1-2638.osx_x64.dmg
SecureCRT连接
获取虚拟IP地址
-> 用“ifconfig”命令获取虚拟机IP,这个ip用于和宿主机进行连接交互。
![image-20211130140800233](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130140800233.png)
配置远程连接
-> Hostname处输入虚拟机IP
-> 用户名处输入“root”,最高管理员账户名
![image-20211130141021388](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130141021388.png)
![image-20211130141109619](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130141109619.png)
![image-20211130141139326](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130141139326.png)
SecureCRT基本配置
-> 为方便识别,在偏好设置中调整几个设置
-> 将左侧的名称设置为可读性较好的名称,如“Linux-master”,我另外几个虚拟机的名称叫“Linux-node1”和“Linux-node2”
![image-20211130141417866](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130141417866.png)
![image-20211130141710417](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130141710417.png)
![image-20211130141534096](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130141534096.png)
-> 为避免乱码,编码方式设置为“UTF-8”
![image-20211130141621825](/2021/11/29/%E5%9C%A8Mac%E4%B8%8A%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8Parallels-Desktop%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Linux%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9FCentOS/image-20211130141621825.png)
至此,Linux虚拟机已经创建完毕,为搭建Kubernetes学习环境,我们需要三台虚拟机,一台做master,两台做node节点
我们可以重复以上步骤,创建剩余的两台虚拟机,这里就不再重复演示。